Integração ensino-serviço no contexto das escolas médicas brasileiras: revisão integrativa / Education-service integration in the context of Brazilian medical schools: an integrative review

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar a trajetória histórica, incluindo os avanços e os desafios, da integração ensino-serviço no processo de formação médica. Diante deste contexto, por meio de estudos científicos indexados em bases de dados, foi realizada uma revisão crítica da literatura a partir da busca por trabalhos considerados referência até o momento atual. A maioria dos artigos consultados trata de material referencial sobre o tema publicado em periódicos científicos indexados nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. A busca evidenciou que foi a partir da década de 1970 que o país passou por experiências transformadoras nos campos da saúde e educação e, desde então, a integração ensino-serviço aproximou as universidades e as instituições de saúde por meio da reorganização do ensino e da assistência à saúde. Apesar dos avanços significativos, principalmente na última década, ainda há desafios a serem superados na integração destes diferentes mundos, um deles é a criação e a implementação de instrumentos de gestão como o Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública Ensino Saúde (COAPES), capazes de suportar a complexidade deste processo. (AU)

This paper aimed to characterize the historical trajectory, including the advances and challenges, of the teaching-service integration in the medical training process. In this context, through scientific studies indexed in databases, a critical review of the literature was performed from the search for works of reference until the present moment. Most of the works consulted were reference material on the topic published in scientific journals and indexed in the databases of the Virtual Health Library. The search evidenced that the country underwent transformative experiences in the fields of health and education in the 1970's and, since then, the teaching-service integration has drawn universities and health institutions closer through the reorganization of education and healthcare. Despite the progress achieved mainly in the last decade, there are challenges to overcome in the integration of these different worlds, of one which is the creation and implementation of management tools such as the Organizing Contract for Public Health Education Action (COAPES), capable of withstanding the complexity of this process.(AU)

Comparative cytogenetics of Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) and description of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system

Comparative cytogenetic analyses of hatchetfishes Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Gasteropelecidae) from the Rio Negro basin were performed using conventional Giemsa staining, silver (Ag) -staining and C-banding. The diploid chromosome numbers of both species equaled 2n = 50 but their karyotypes were distinct. We found evidence for sex chromosomes in C. marthae since karyotype of males presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZZ ST chromosomes while the females presented 20 M + 12 SM + 4 ST + 14 A and ZW ST chromosomes of distinct size. Conversely, C. strigata presented 4 M + 4 SM + 2 ST + 40 A chromosomes without sex chromosome heteromorphism. Karyotypes of both species had two NOR-bearing SM chromosomes of distinct size indicating the presence of multiple NOR phenotypes. The sex chromosome pair had specific C-banding pattern allowing identification of both Z and W. This heteromorphic system has previously been described for the gasteropelecids.